And yes there can be special cases where it remains a sphere, but it's not normal. A thing in one frame of reference looks now different in another equally valid frame of reference. Of course you can ask: "But what's about the sphere in 3D." Obviously it gets distorted. Your everyday physics problem has now length contraction (only in direction of the movement) and time dilation. A sphere with length 1 is now 4D and doesn't look like a conventional sphere anymore. Every phenomenon is now described with a new metric. Now extending to spacial relativity you need to combine space and time to a Minkowski spacetime. Now metrics are used as a tool that different reference frames can get the same answer. The core to measurements in Euclidean space is the 3D Pythagorean Theorem. Then let's get to it a little more physical. I can understand you want to try to measure things. I don't know what happens really in there. I appreciate your help so far.Īt this point you are putting stuff into a black hole. I'm not sure if this clarifies, but it's the best I can do off the top of my head. If I take one of those four sticks and move it inside the sphere, will it exactly occupy the sphere's diameter? Now, I have four straight, massless, inflexible, incompressible, perfectly narrow sticks which, when used to form the four sides of a square, fit exactly around the sphere with each of them tangent at one point each to the sphere's surface. So the rest of the space stays perfectly flat. We complete this interversal surgery without allowing the curvature from the point-particle to propagate beyond the transplanted sphere's radius. I'm imagining a taking a static slice of curved space (a sphere with a 1 m Schwarszchild radius which is empty except for a massive point-particle at its center) from an empty universe (no mass anywhere in it except the point particle) and then snipping it from that universe and embedding it instead into another space which is, prior to transfer, perfectly Euclidean and empty. Here's a shot at pinning down what I take myself to mean by that, exactly: Is there a known and meaningful answer to whether 1 m along the Schwarzchild radial coordinate corresponds to a layperson's understanding of "1 m in that direction in my reference frame"? I understand this is a newbie question, but any help is appreciated! If they do, then only (b) is correct and (a) is false. If they don’t, then both (a) and (b) above are correct. (b) 4-dimensional spacetime is rendered non-Euclidean by the presence of any mass which is not homogeneously distributed.Īnother way to put the question: If we exactly measured a sphere with a radius of 10k km around the earth’s center, would we find that the sphere’s volume and surface area do not stand toward one another in exactly the ratio that is predicted by Euclidean geometry? (a) 3-dimensional space is rendered non-Euclidean by the presence of any mass which is not homogeneously distributed. I’m wondering which of the following descriptions is correct, according to general relativity: But I’m finding it hard to get a clear answer as to whether mass warps 3D space as well. I understand that according to general relativity, mass ‘curves’ or ‘warps’ space-time (renders it non-Euclidean).
0 Comments
Market's lack of reaction to recent positive developments. According to BlackBerry CEO John Chen, the reason behind the proposed strategic review is Mr. The dividend policy of a company, the use of buyback programs, the capital structure, management compensation, and strategic business decisions provide valuable insights into the qualities of managers. We assess the shareholder friendliness of a management team by what they do - not what they say. Creating Shareholder Value Takes TimeĪt Beat Billions, we try to invest in companies that are led by shareholder-friendly managers. I expect a business separation to remove some complexities, thereby creating a good platform for the IoT business to attract new talent and thrive. Third, as a focused business in the IoT sector, BlackBerry will be able to take aggressive business decisions that will drive this business unit higher without having to juggle all the balls at the same time as it is forced to do today. This is where I believe BlackBerry shareholders will benefit the most. Market will finally look at BlackBerry as a company with a future - not a dead business that is trying in vain to resurrect itself. Second, the company will be able to attract high valuation multiples for its IoT business in the absence of the poorly performing cybersecurity business. From a financial perspective, I do not believe investors will have a lot to cheer about if the company divests its cybersecurity business. A large cybersecurity company, however, might consider taking over this business for pennies on the dollar to gain access to BlackBerry's technology and its clients. There will be financial and market implications for such a decision.įirst, BlackBerry's cybersecurity business is unlikely to attract a high value, given that it is struggling. If BlackBerry goes down the path of separating its business units, the company is likely to look for a seller for its underperforming cybersecurity business. The company's go-to-market strategy has come under scrutiny, and the competition in this sector is fierce. The IoT division of BlackBerry, with a scalable product portfolio and existing business relationships, is likely to deliver double-digit growth for many years when the global economy recovers from the current challenges.īlackBerry's lackluster financial performance in recent years has a lot to do with the continued failure of its cybersecurity business. QNX software is versatile and caters to many end markets such as infotainment systems, cockpit controllers, and advanced driver assistance systems (emergency braking, night vision, blind spot monitoring, etc.). There is a growing demand for high-end vehicles that are packed with advanced tech features and autonomous vehicles are expected to make waves in the next few years, both of which are positive developments for BlackBerry. The company already serves many large automobile manufacturers and enjoys a leading market share of the automotive operating system market, which is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 9% through 2030. The QNX business has a long runway for growth, aided by the growing demand for advanced capabilities in new passenger cars. A Business Separation Is Likely To Create ValueĮver since I published my first article on BlackBerry, I have been optimistic about what the future holds for its IoT business. The strategic review that will be initiated by the company is most certainly a step in the right direction, but I will not invest in the company today. I welcomed BlackBerry's decision to look for new buyers for its patent portfolio in March, but I did not believe at the time that the company would fetch $900 million for its patent portfolio after evaluating the remaining shelf life of patents. I assigned BlackBerry stock a 'hold' rating when I first covered the company in May 2021, and the company's business decisions and financial performance have failed to convince me to change my stance ever since. Kelvin Cheng/iStock Editorial via Getty ImagesīlackBerry Limited ( NYSE: BB) shares surged more than 9% in after-hours trading yesterday, with the company's Board of Directors announcing a strategic review to assess alternative strategies to enhance shareholder value. 5 The potential delay in diagnosis, low negative predictive value and purported increased costs are cited as arguments for resection without confirmation if the clinical diagnosis in straightforward. 4 Preoperative biopsy of mass lesions in resectable patients, however, is more controversial. Indications for fine needle aspiration (FNA)įNA is a well-established technique to procure tissue for diagnosis in patients with unresectable disease and in those patients who may be eligible for therapeutic protocols. Modern imaging techniques such as high-resolution spiral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) have improved our ability to recognise and delineate pancreatic masses and to detect them earlier as smaller mass lesions. 3 Although the vast majority (80–90%) of tumours in the pancreas are conventional ductal adenocarcinomas, there is a wide variety of non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic and malignant solid and cystic lesions in the pancreas that are analysed preoperatively for diagnosis. 2 Age, male gender, obesity, cigarette smoking and genetic conditions such as familial pancreatitis, Peutz–Jegher’s syndrome and familial adenomatous multiple mole melanoma syndrome are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. 1 The incidence of pancreatic cancer is relatively uniform among different countries and has a peak incidence in the seventh to eighth decades of life. The specimen is serially sectioned radially clockwise from 12:00 and entirely submitted in _ cassettes.Pancreatic cancer causes over 200 000 deaths per year and is the eighth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The endocervical margin is inked blue and the ectocervical and stromal margins are inked black. The ectocervical mucosa is white / tan-pink and smooth with focal granularity. Received in formalin, labeled with patient name, medical record number and “cervix”, is a 0.5-cm thick LEEP specimen with a central _ x _ cm slit-like os surrounded by a complete _ cm rim of cervix with a suture marking the 12 o ’ clock position. #_ & #_ = _ to _ o'clock, _ fragments each. A total of _ radial serial sections are entirely submitted in clockwise order in 6 cassettes as follows. _ to _ cm in diameter mucin-filled cysts / polyps are present. The endocervical mucosal is pink tan/focally erroded. The transition zone is well-defined/irregular with hemorrhage/ulceration. There ectocervical surface is white/pink with superficial errosions at _ o'clock position. Received in formalin, labeled with patient name, medical record number and “cervix”, is a _ cm long cervical cone, with a _ to _ cm diameter, marked at _ o'clock position by a suture. Fragmented specimens should be sectioned perpendicularly to the mucosal surface, in a manner similar to that described above for cones.It is critical to submit all of the mucosa in this manner however, in very large specimens, excess stroma may be trimmed and submitted separately. Each section should resemble a wedge of pie. a lesion or sharp angle in the tissue), if possible, and mention this in your dictation. If there is no orientation, start at an anatomic landmark (e.g. Section the cone in a radial, clockwise fashion, beginning at the 12 o ’ clock position.If you cannot determine the margins on a fragmented specimen, ask a staff pathologist for help. tip of the endocervical canal) should be inked with a different color than the rest of the margin. Describe the overall tissue (color, shape, fragmentation) and os (diameter, shape), as well as any lesions (ulcer, mass, hemorrhage, defect, cyst, laceration include measurements of lesions).Measure (3 dimensions) each individual piece of a fragmented specimen. Measure cones in 3 dimensions, including the surface diameter of the ectocervix (cm x cm) and depth (from the ectocervix to the endocervical margin).Fragmented specimens are usually unoriented. Under optimal circumstances, cones are oriented, usually with a suture marking the 12 o ’ clock position. The speciment may be in the shape of a cone (with the point of the cone pointing to the endometrial cavity) or in fragments. The vast majority of LEEP is performed for high-grade cervical dysplasia. |